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US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 339.325.5 --- 336.024 --- 368.42 --- Gezondheidszorg --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Ziekte- en invaliditeitsverzekering. Ziekenfondsen --- Medical policy --- Medical care --- Medical economics

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An analysis of the welfare state from a political economy perspective that examines the effects of aging populations, migration, and globalization on industrialized economies.In The Decline of the Welfare State, Assaf Razin and Efraim Sadka use a political economy framework to analyze the effects of aging populations, migration, and globalization on the deteriorating system of financing welfare state benefits as we know them. Their timely analysis, supported by a unified theoretical framework and empirical findings, demonstrates how the combined forces of demographic change and globalization will make it impossible for the welfare state to maintain itself on its present scale. In much of the developed world, the proportion of the population aged 60 and over is expected to rise dramatically over the coming years--from 35 percent in 2000 to a projected 66 percent in 2050 in the European Union and from 27 percent to 47 percent in the United States--which may necessitate higher tax burdens and greater public debt to maintain national pension systems at current levels. Low-skill migration produces additional strains on welfare-state financing because such migrants typically receive benefits that exceed what they pay in taxes. Higher capital taxation, which could potentially be used to finance welfare benefits, is made unlikely by international tax competition brought about by globalization of the capital market. Applying a political economy model and drawing on empirical data from the EU and the United States, the authors draw an unconventional and provocative conclusion from these developments. They argue that the political pressure from both aging and migrant populations indirectly generates political processes that favor trimming rather than expanding the welfare state. The combined pressures of aging, migration, and globalization will shift the balance of political power and generate public support from the majority of the voting population for cutting back traditional welfare state benefits.

Microeconomics --- International economic relations --- Social policy --- Welfare state. --- Aging. --- Emigration and immigration. --- Globalization. --- AA / International- internationaal --- 321.2 --- 330.580 --- 321.94 --- 336.024 --- Welfare state --- Aging --- Emigration and immigration --- Globalization --- 330.126 --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Age --- Ageing --- Senescence --- Developmental biology --- Gerontology --- Longevity --- Age factors in disease --- State, Welfare --- Economic policy --- Public welfare --- State, The --- Welfare economics --- Economisch beleid van de overheid. --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden. --- Handarbeiders. --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid. --- Physiological effect --- Economisch beleid van de overheid --- Handarbeiders --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- ECONOMICS/Political Economy --- ECONOMICS/Public Economics

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The World Health Report 2003: Shaping the Future: A Vision for Global Health predicts that major global health improvements will be achieved in the next few years. Dr Jong-Wook Lee, Director-General of WHO, describes WHO's ambition ''to help all people, but especially the poorest among them, to shape a better future''. The report advocates a new drive for equitable health improvement as a vital part of global efforts for justice and security. Drawing on lessons of the past, in particular the Health for All movement that was launched 25 years ago, this year's report focuses on the major health gains that are possible in the coming years and shows how WHO and the global health community can achieve these objectives. Against a backdrop of the ambitious targets of the Millennium Development Goals, The World Health Report 2003 presents a comprehensive vision encompassing an analysis of today's major health challenges and an action programme for global health improvement. The section on infections singles out for special attention HIV/AIDS, poliomyelitis - whose elimination is within reach - and new infections including SARS. Another important section deals with the health of women and children. The focus of the noncommunicable diseases section is on road traffic injuries and the continuing work on tobacco control. In order to achieve the health improvements that are within their grasp, countries need well-functioning health systems. The report shows how systems can be strengthened, combining both primary care facilities and higher-level services linked by an efficient and integrated referral network. In this, as in all its work, WHO renews its commitment to working with countries in responding to national and local health challenges.

AA / International- internationaal --- 351.2 --- 61 --- 311.6 --- 339.325.5 --- 355 --- 336.024 --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling. --- Geneeskunde. --- Gezondheidstoestand van de bevolking. --- Gezondheidszorg. --- Milieu --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid. --- Socioeconomic Factors --- Disease Outbreaks --- Delivery of Health Care --- Health Planning --- Primary Health Care --- Patient Care Management --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Legislation as Topic --- Sociology --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Comprehensive Health Care --- Public Health --- Population Characteristics --- Social Sciences --- Health Care --- Social Control, Formal --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Services Administration --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- World Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- World health --- World health. --- World Health Organization. --- Global health --- International health --- Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie --- World health organization --- Public health --- Medical geography --- International cooperation --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling --- Geneeskunde --- Gezondheidstoestand van de bevolking --- Gezondheidszorg --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid

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POLITICAL SCIENCE --- Public Policy / Social Security --- Social security --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- History --- Forecasting --- Sécurité sociale --- Histoire --- Prévisions --- United States --- 332.832 --- 336.024 --- 368.40 --- 368.43 --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen --- Social security - United States - History --- Social security - United States - Forecasting

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A simple, straightforward, and foolproof proposal for universal health insurance from a noted economist.The shocking statistic is that forty-seven million Americans have no health insurance. When uninsured Americans go to the emergency room for treatment, however, they do receive care, and a bill. Many hospitals now require uninsured patients to put their treatment on a credit card which can saddle a low-income household with unpayably high balances that can lead to personal bankruptcy. Why don't these people just buy health insurance? Because the cost of coverage that doesn't come through an employer is more than many low- and middle-income households make in a year. Meanwhile, rising healthcare costs for employees are driving many businesses under. As for government-supplied health care, ever higher costs and added benefits (for example, Part D, Medicare's new prescription drug coverage) make both Medicare and Medicaid impossible to sustain fiscally; benefits grow faster than the national per-capita income. It's obvious the system is broken. What can we do?In The Healthcare Fix, economist Laurence Kotlikoff proposes a simple, straightforward approach to the problem that would create one system that works for everyone and secure America's fiscal and economic future. Kotlikoff's proposed Medical Security System is not the "socialized medicine" so feared by Republicans and libertarians; it's a plan for universal health insurance. Because everyone would be insured, it's also a plan for universal healthcare. Participants--including all who are currently uninsured, all Medicaid and Medicare recipients, and all with private or employer-supplied insurance--would receive annual vouchers for health insurance, the amount of which would be based on their current medical condition. Insurance companies would willingly accept people with health problems because their vouchers would be higher. And the government could control costs by establishing the values of the vouchers so that benefit growth no longer outstrips growth of the nation's per capita income. It's a "single-payer" plan, but a single payer for insurance. The American healthcare industry would remain competitive, innovative, strong, and private.Kotlikoff's plan is strong medicine for America's healthcare crisis, but brilliant in its simplicity. Its provisions can fit on a postcard and Kotlikoff provides one, ready to be copied and mailed to your representative in Congress.

National health insurance --- Health insurance --- Medically uninsured persons --- Health services accessibility --- Medical care, Cost of --- Health care reform --- Medicare. --- Medicaid. --- Government policy --- Medicaid --- Medicare --- Poor --- Older people --- Medigap --- Medical care --- SOCIAL SCIENCES/Political Science/Public Policy & Law --- ECONOMICS/Health Economics --- 336.024 --- 339.325.5 --- 368.42 --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Gezondheidszorg --- Ziekte- en invaliditeitsverzekering. Ziekenfondsen --- National health insurance - United States --- Health insurance - Government policy - United States --- Medically uninsured persons - United States --- Health services accessibility - United States --- Medical care, Cost of - United States --- Health care reform - United States